1. The Republic of Poland shall strengthen and extend the rights and freedoms of citizens.

2. Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall have equal rights irrespective of sex, birth, education, profession, nationality, race, religion, social status and origin.

3. It shall be the duty of the citizens of the Republic of Poland to conscientiously perform their duties toward the Homeland and contribute to its development.

Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall have the right to work: that is, the right to employment paid in accordance with the quantity and quality of the work done.

1. Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall have the right to rest and leisure.

2. The right to rest and leisure shall be assured to employees: by the statutory reduction of working time through the application of the eight-hour working day. shorter working time in cases specified by law, by statutory days free from work and by annual paid holidays.

3. The organization of holiday schemes, the development of tourism, health resorts, sports facilities, community centres, clubs, recreation rooms, parks and other leisure time facilities shall provide opportunities for healthy and cultural recreation to an increasing number of working people in town and country.

1. Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall have the right to health protection and to assistance in the event of sickness or inability to work.

2. This right shall be implemented to an increasing degree by:

1) the development of social insurance to cover sickness, old age and inability to work, and by enlargement of various forms of social assistance;

2) the development of State-organized protection of health and by the raising of health standards of the population, free medical assistance for all working people and their families, a steady improvement of safety conditions, protection and hygiene at work, extensive prevention and treatment of disease, and care for the disabled;

3) the development of hospitals, sanatoria, outpatient clinics, medical aid centers, and sanitation facilities.

Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall have the right to benefit from the natural environment and it shall be their duty to protect it.

1. Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall have the right to education.

2. The right to education shall be ensured to an increasing degree by:

1) free education:

2) universal and compulsory elementary education;

3) universalization of secondary education;

4) development of higher education;

5) assistance from the State in raising the skills of citizens employed in industrial establishments and other places of employment in town and country;

6) a scheme of State scholarships, the development of hostels, boarding schools and students' hostels, as well as other forms of material aid.

1. Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall have the right to benefit from cultural achievements and to creatively participate in the development of national culture.

2. The above right shall be increasingly ensured by developing and making available to the working people of town and country: libraries, books, press, radio, cinemas. theatres, museums and exhibitions, houses of culture, clubs and recreation rooms; by comprehensively promoting and stimulating of cultural creative activity by the people and developing of creative talents.

The Republic of Poland shall foster the comprehensive development of science based on the achievements of the most advanced thought of mankind and of progressive Polish thought, that is, science in the service of the Nation.

The Republic of Poland shall concern itself with the development of literature and arts which express the needs and aspirations of the Nation, and which are in keeping with the best progressive traditions of Polish creativity.

The Republic of Poland shall ensure comprehensive protection to the veterans of struggles for national and social liberation.

The Republic of Poland shall extend special protection to the creative intelligentsia, that is. to those working in the field of science, education, literature and art, as well as to pioneers of technological progress, rationalizers and inventors.

1. Women in the Republic of Poland shall have equal rights with men in all fields of public, political, economic, social and cultural life.

2. The equality of the rights of women shall be guaranteed by:

1) equal rights with men to work and to be paid according to the principle "equal pay for equal work", the right to rest and leisure, to social insurance, to education, to honours and decorations, and to hold public offices:

2) mother-and-child care, protection of expectant mothers, paid leave before and after confinement, the development of a network of maternity clinics, creches and nursery schools, the extension of a network of service establishments and canteens.

3. The Republic of Poland shall strengthen the position of women in society, especially of gainfully employed mothers and women.

1. Marriage, motherhood and family shall be safeguarded and protected by the Republic of Poland. The State shall extend special protection to families with many children.

2. It shall be the duty of parents to bring up their children to become law-abiding citizens who are aware of their duties as citizens of the Republic of Poland.

3. The Republic of Poland shall ensure the implementation of rights and obligations in respect of alimony.

4 Children born outwith marriage shall have rights equal to those born within marriage.

5. The Republic of Poland, being mindful of the interests of the family, shall strive to improve housing conditions, and, in cooperation with citizens, shall develop and promote various forms of residential construction, especially those promoted by cooperative societies, and shall show care in the proper management of housing resources.

The Republic of Poland shall devote special attention to the education of youth and shall ensure it substantial opportunities for development and provide conditions for active participation of the younger generation in public, political, economic and cultural life. encouraging awareness in young people of their joint responsibility for the development of the Homeland.

1. Citizens of the Republic of Poland, irrespective of nationality, race or religion, shall enjoy equal rights in all fields of public, political, economic, social and cultural life. Infringement of this principle by any direct or indirect privileges or restrictions of rights by reference to nationality, race or religion shall be punishable.

2. The spreading of hatred or contempt, the provocation of discord, or humiliation of man on account of national, racial or religious differences, shall be prohibited.

1. The Republic of Poland shall guarantee freedom of conscience and religion to its citizens. The Church and other religious organizations shall freely exercise their religious functions. Citizens shall not be prevented from taking part in religious activities and rites. No one may be compelled to participate in religious activities or

rites.

2. The Church shall be separate from the State. The principles of the relationship between State and Church, and the legal and property rights of religious organizations shall be defined by laws.

The Republic of Poland shall guarantee its citizens freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly and gatherings, of processions and demonstrations. 2. Repealed.

1. In order to promote political, social, economic and cultural activities, the Republic of Poland shall guarantee the right of association to its citizens.

2. Political organizations, trade unions, associations of working peasants, cooperative associations, youth, women's, sports and defence organizations, cultural, technical and scientific societies, as well as other social organizations shall associate citizens in active participation in political, social, economic and cultural life.

3. It shall be prohibited to set up and to participate in associations whose objective or activities threaten the social and political system or the legal order of the Republic of Poland.

Trade unions shall play an important public function in the Republic of Poland as mass organizations which take part in the formulation and implementation of tasks of social and economic advancement of the country; the trade unions shall represent the interests and rights of working people, and shall be a school of civic activity and involvement in the creation of civic society.

1. Citizens of the Republic of Poland shall participate in exercising social control, in consultations and discussions upon important issues concerning the development of the country, and may submit their suggestions.

2. Citizens shall have the right to approach all organs of the State with complaints and grievances.

3. Appeals, complaints and grievances of citizens shall be examined and settled without delay and justly. Those guilty of delay or an indifferent and bureaucratic attitude, shall be held accountable.

1. The Republic of Poland shall guarantee to its citizens the inviolability of the person. A citizen may be deprived of his freedom only in cases specified by law. A detained person shall be set free unless a warrant of arrest issued by a court or by a prosecutor has been served on him within forty-eight hours beginning with the

moment of his detention.

2. The inviolability of the home and the privacy of correspondence shall be protected by law. The home may be searched only in cases specified by law.

3. Property may be confiscated only in cases specified by law, and only by virtue of a final judgment of a court.

The citizens of other states and stateless persons may be granted asylum on the basis of principles specified by law.

Polish citizens staying abroad shall enjoy the protection of the Republic of Poland.

It shall be the duty of a citizen of the Republic of Poland to abide by the provisions of the Constitution and laws. to respect the principles of community life, and diligently discharge his duties toward the State.

It shall be the duty of every citizen of the Republic of Poland to safeguard public ownership and to strengthen it as the firm foundations of the State's development and a source of the wealth and power of the Homeland.

1. It shall be the sacred duty of every citizen to defend the Homeland.

2. Military service shall be an honourable patriotic duty of citizens of the Republic of Poland.

1. It shall be the duty of every citizen of the Republic of Poland to exercise vigilance against enemies of the Nation and carefully guard State secrets.

2. High treason, that is espionage, subversion of the Armed Forces, desertion to the enemy, shall be punished as the gravest of crimes and with the full severity of the law.