As judicial power is incompatible with the legislative, nor can be administered by the King, therefore tribunals and magistratures ought to be established and elected. It ought to have local existence, that every citizen should know where to seek justice, and every transgressor can discern the hand of national government. We establish, therefore,

1st. Primary Courts of Justice for each palatinate and district, composed of Judges chosen at the Dietine, which are always to be ready to administer jusrice. From these Courts appeals are allowed to the high tribunals, erected one for each of three provinces, in which the Kingdom is divided. Those Courts, both primary and final, shall be for the class of nobles, or equestrian order, and all the proprietors of landed property.

2dly. We determine separate Courts and Jurisdictions for the free royal towns, according to the law fixed by the present Diet.

3dly. Each province shall have a Court of Referendaries for the trial of causes relating to the peasantry, who are all hereby declared free, and in the same manner as those who were so before.

4thly. Courts, curial and assessorial, tribunals for Courland, and relational, are hereby confirmed.

5thly. Executive commissions shall have judicial power in the matters relative to their administration.

6thly. Besides all these civil and criminal Courts, there shall be one supreme general tribunal for all the classes, called the Diet Tribunal or Court, composed of persons chosen at the opening of every Diet. This tribunal is to try all the persons accused of crimes against the State.

Lastly, we shall appoint a Committee for the forming a civil and criminal code of laws, by persons whom the Diet shall elect for that purpose.